Negotiation Journal Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Negotiation Journal - Research Paper Example There are different pointers of what strategy to adopt in an impending negotiation activity. Before choosing a given strategy to use in a negotiation, it is important to consider three main factors. The first factor is extent of valuation of a product, issues or services that cause negotiation to happen. If a given party values an issue, product or service under consideration extremely than relationship, then a win-lose strategy is appropriate. In a win-lose negotiation strategy, relationship is not important and one party of the negotiation will wish to win and does not care of the other party. Win-lose strategy also applies when a party is discussing a fixed position or idea. It is applicable when a price of a product or an idea is fixed. Second factor to consider is the relationship between negotiators. If both parties perceive that they need each other after the negotiation, then win-win negotiation strategy is the most appropriate. In a win-win negotiation strategy, both parties to a negotiation must cooperate, participate or compromise part of their interest to accommodate each other. Both parties to a negotiation agree and discus mutually profitable actions to take. Consequently, both parties benefits after the negotiation. ... Some cultures may prefer win-win strategy while others may prefer win-lose strategy. Win-win negotiation strategy is always possible. It is also one of the most preferred business negotiation strategies available. The purpose of two parties entering into a negotiation is always to benefit from one another. Therefore, it is possible to pursue win-win strategy especially when both parties can cooperate and compromise without incurring any loss. For example, a supplier may agree to reduce a price by a certain percentage and retain some substantial profits. Both parties win because a buyer saves some money and supplier builds a favourable business relationship. At times, win-lose negotiation becomes the only negotiation strategy viable. This is often applicable where a situation or price product is fixed and cannot be changed further because it will result in a loss. Therefore, there will be no room for adjustments and the other party can either agree to the terms of the situation as the y are or forfeit the matter or the product altogether. Win-lose negotiation is always confrontational and each party tries to take advantage of the other party. The forty-eight laws of power can be helpful when crafting a distributive negotiation strategy and tactics. This applies when the other party to a negotiation is confrontational, short sighted, stereotype, aggressive and uncooperative. Forty-eight laws of power can be useful in disarming the other party’s uncompromising stance. However, if the other party is genuinely willing to cooperate, compromise and is interested in long-term relationship, it may not be an appropriate strategy. Therefore, negotiation strategies should be used according to the

Regional Security Complex Theory

Regional Security Complex Theory This chapter will provide an in-depth look at a range of theoretical approaches to the concept of energy security. It is expected by examining several theoretical approaches we will be able to determine a comprehensive understanding of what constitutes energy security. A range of academic approaches exist which can be utilised in order to understand the origins, prerequisites, and consequences of any given type of security. Throughout this chapter we will be taking the concept of energy security and firstly examining approaches to understanding it as part the existing theoretical framework. Secondly, efforts will be made to comprehend the securitization of energy as a part of broader and more contemporary political architecture. The scope of this literature review will extend to the work of founding theorists, as well as contemporary literature, journals, and reviews. 2.1 Understanding Security Since the eventful oil disruptions of the 1970s, energy security has slowly but surely assimilated itself into the key debates of IR theory (Bohi and Toman, 1996: 32). Energy security discourses are varied and volatile at the best of times. If we are to comprehend energy security, we must first have a clear understanding of how security can be approached and conceptualized. Is it a response to threat or a strategy to evade threat? Or perhaps neither? Security is a both a highly contended and heavily debated concept. Owing to its inherently multifaceted premise, it is rare now for a political article not to refer to security in some form or another (Neocleous, 2000: 11). Irony lies in the fact that our present inability to define security has, as a result, caused the international society and our interpretation of it to be less secure as a whole (Booth Wheeler: 2007: 94). What is exceedingly clear, however, is that our understanding of security and what it entails has moved well beyo nd the claim that security studies should focus only on the threat, use and control of military force (Nye and Lynn-Jones in Walt, 1991: 212). It is interesting that our understanding of security has only relatively recently been contested. We can classify security either as defensive (a response to a threat) or offensive (interaction with other actors for state gain) (Grafstein, 2002: 139-165). Traditional thinkers have conventionally classified security primarily as a defensive mechanism (i.e. power measured by war and military strength). Kenneth Waltz built further on this assumption in his book, Theory of International Politics. By suggesting that, in an anarchic international system, the incentive of every state is to put itself in a position to be able to take care of itself since no one else can be counted onto do so, he suggests security will remain an inherently defensive mechanism. Barry Buzan, on the other hand, took this further and attempted to dissect this highly complex term by questioning the very legitimacy of security itself (1997: 5-21). Buzan, Ole Wà ¦ver, and Jaap de Wilde form the foundations of the C openhagen School of security studies, which focuses on the process of securitization, regional security complexes, and sectoral security. This has conversely been criticized by those of the Critical Security Studies school of thought, which itself is set in contrast to the assumptions of neo-realism and realism. As such, we can see how security has undergone and will continue to undergo analytical re-evaluation thanks to recurrent contestation of this concept within the field of IR. As a result of this unremitting confrontation, the scope for what constitutes security has broadened significantly and developed into a dynamic yet still unbalanced concept. Thus, how might we define begin to security, and at what point does a states action, agenda or thinking become a security concern? It is useful here to refer to Buzan et al.s definition of security: It is when an issue is presented as posing an existential threat to a designated referent object (traditionally, but not necessarily the state, incorporating government, territory, and society). The special nature of security threats justifies the use of extraordinary measures to handle them (1998: 21). Conceptualizing security as such posits that if a concern is deemed to be a security issue, it must be presented to and subsequently accepted by an audience: indeed, Buzan, Wà ¦ver and de Wilde further clarify that securitization is not decided by the securitizer but by the audience (1998: 31). In adopting their understanding of securitization as a speech act, we can see how this process creates rights, obligations and responsibilities which are decided not by the securitizer but by an audience (Buzan  et al. 1998: 25-31). Taking this approach, we can apply this framework in understanding why the need to find, secure and diversify energy supplies has been construed as a leading security concern for many states. As Luft and Korin note, energy security is very much in the eyes of the beholder (2009: 1). By having a succinct critical framework for analysis, we are better able to understand the actions, reactions, and needs of states who consider their energy security to be threatened. What follows is a range of theoretical and analytical approaches for conceptualizing energy security. 2.2 A Realist Scope No IR theory accentuates the position of security more than realism, yet there is rarely a critical analysis by realists to explain what security actually means (Baldwin, 1997: 21). The presence of realism simply cannot be ignored when trying to frame the concept of energy security, and although it fails to address some of the key reasons as to why energy is a contemporary security concern, it is nonetheless a theoretical standpoint which has been synonymous with mid-twentieth century security studies (Baldwin, 1997: 9). Sustained by centuries of progressive and traditional thought, the realist stance is backed by great intellectual contributions from Rousseau, Thucydides, Hobbes and Machiavelli to name but a few (Deudney, 2011: 18). Realism is not a single theory, but a cluster of progressive theories with shared core values: Realism focuses on power struggle, national interests, competition between states, and conflict over resources. To realists, international politics is characterised by a zero-sum game: one sides gain is the other sides loss. Therefore, relations between states can only produce competition and conflicts (Bathily, 2009: 185). Realism is a state-centric theory, the classical premise of which declares that the international system is anarchic and within this system states strive for survival and cannot rely upon other states, since every state has the potential to harm through use of military force (Mearsheimer: 1994/95: 9-10). Hans Morgenthaus contributions to the realist paradigm discuss the inherently flawed nature of humans, suggesting that our innate selfishness and desire for power leaves no room for moral principles when understanding the behaviour of states (Morgenthau in Donnelly, 2000: 15-16). Donnelly further emphasises that, realism emphasizes the constraints on politics imposed by human nature (2000: 9), demonstrating that if energy security is accepted as a realist security concern, states will strive for survival by resolving this issue without concern for moral or human principles. Kenneth Waltzs development of structural realism (also referred to as neo-realism) explains the international system by identifying a central and anarchic state, then subsequently relating this object to the interaction between constituent elements of the system (e.g. states in search of survival). These components are further characterised by the balance and distribution of power; in this context, their capability and proficiency in terms of seeking survival and energy security (Waltz in Booth, 2001: 5). The fundamental approaches to energy security under Waltzs structural realism are summarised by Luft and Korin as follows: 1) States are inherently predisposed to egotism, and will therefore pursue hegemony through use of whatever powers they may possess. 2) Structural realists stress that energy commodities have historically held value beyond simply that of commercial pricing they emphasise how resources have repeatedly been used strategically as means of directing foreign policy and asserting dominance. 3) Although realists will take into account the influence of mutual cooperation and independent institutions, they also maintain that culture, history, and economic tendencies and trends do play a crucial role and cannot be ignored when understanding energy security needs and concerns (2009: 340). Approaching energy security in such a manner allows us to see why states might prioritise energy security over other concerns; however the realist paradigm has always prioritised military security in their understanding of security as a whole. Engaging with strands of realist though explains why self-interest of states and the struggle for dominance is an occurring theme in the international system, but the critical flaws of Waltzs structural realism lie in the fact that he largely discounts the importance of geography and geographical regions, while also paying little attention to technology as an influential shaping force (Deudney, 2011: 29-30). When endeavouring to find a position for energy security in a theoretical framework, it is evident that realism does not offer a fully logical and explanatory approach to the concept. As mentioned earlier, Buzan (of the Copenhagen School of security studies) deems anarchy to be the key feature within the international system, and splits security concerns into 5 categories (political, military, societal, economic, environmental); energy security, however, is not explicitly identified within these categories (Buzan, 1991: 19). Although this categorization is evidently broadening the approach to security, a prominent weakness of the theory is its inability to account for the impact of other actors and structures on securitization, while giving too much attention to how international anarchy is constructed politically. The main critic of Buzans work is Bill McSweeney, who claims that the key flaw within Buzans work is his inability to break away from the neo-realist assertion that the state is always the main object for analysis (2004: 123). 2.3 A Liberal Understanding Liberalism and security are concepts which have in recent times both clashed and contradicted each other. Hyde-Price understands this to be a result of liberalism misunderstanding the nature of power (2007: 16). The core value of classical liberalism are neatly summed up into four components up by Kelly: All individuals are of equal and ultimate moral value. This individualism is ethical and not sociological or psychological. Equality of concern and respect is cashed out in terms of a set of basic rights, civil liberties and economic entitlements. These rights entail accompanying responsibilities and duties. Ethical individualism and equality of concern and respect does not entail moral scepticism about objective values. It is instead concerned with the moral limitation of coercion or political power (2004: 13). What can liberalism offer in terms of conceptualizing energy security? Bathily forms a coherent and persuasive argument for approaching it from a liberal perspective. They assert that liberalism in fact challenges the very notion of security in any form and suggest that the realist egocentrism, struggle for survival and innate fear of external threat could be substituted by a so-called liberal logic, wherein states maximise absolute gains and generally prioritise economic development over that of political. In doing this, they predict that traditional elements of security will become sidelined and therefore the security agendas will eventually become redundant. Liberals view naturally occurring resources such as oil to be strategically unimportant, given the frequent rate of discovery around the world. This consequently turns oil from an economic fortune to an ordinary commodity. They further believe that resource management is not the responsibility or the right of the governing bod y, and that management should be decentralized and democratised to multiple, non-governmental actors (2009: 183-184). In some ways, the liberal take on energy security is a valid and applicable one. It explains why actors controlling the resource industry have freedom and independence from government decree which is true in many states and explains why the need for peaceful cooperation and mutual reliance is present in the international system today. What is fails to address, however, is the rising concern for resources in resource poor nations, which in turn has caused political instability, egocentric policy making, and the rise of resource nationalism (this will be examined further on). When trying to understand energy security, liberalism places too much emphasis on the importance of moral human nature in relation to political and resource-based relations, and does not provide enough focus on the importance of geographic, economic, regional and political involvement. 2.4 Energy Security and the Regional Security Complex Theory Regional Security Complex Theory (RSCT) offers a somewhat more contemporary and relevant approach to conceptualizing energy security. The founding academic linked to this particular theory is Buzan, with further contributions from Wà ¦ver. A regional security complex has been defined as a group of states whose primary security concerns link together sufficiently closely that their national securities cannot realistically be considered apart from one another (Buzan, 1991: 190). It is argued by Buzan and Wà ¦ver that the security complexes of states depend primarily on the pressures deriving from geographic proximity, and the interplay between the anarchic structure and how balances of power play out in the system. They view the world as regional clusters, whereby security complexes are magnified within these clusters (2003: 45-46). Buzan and Wà ¦ver further clarify the central ideas of RSCT as follows: The central idea in RSCT is that, since most threats travel more easily over short distances than long ones, security interdependence is normally into regionally based clusters: security complexes. [à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦] Process of securitization and thus the degree of security interdependence are more intense between actors inside such complexes than they are between actors inside the complex and outside of it (2003: 4) Here, it is supposed that both mutual and rival interests can contribute towards the formation of such a region, and in this case, ensuring energy security would be one of those interests. A major benefit of RSCT is that it allows analysts to confront common conceptions and thus discuss security concerns between members of a given security complex this dispels the overly generic assumptions of liberalism and realism, and suggests that the concept of energy security can be analysed and approached by varying methods, but all within the scope of RSCT. Furthermore, applying Buzans theory gives an explanation as to why security concerns vocalized by one state are frequently echoed around neighbouring states with a relatively short time frame (Sheehan, 2005: 49-50). The strengths of RSCT also lie in its ability to be adaptable and logical RSCT, unlike the traditional theoretical approaches, does not rely on sweeping generalization of defining concept such as human nature. RSCT confidentl y explains the occurrence of energy complexes and relations between two or more states within a region, and further demonstrates how energy has become securitized within a given geographical area (Buzan, Wà ¦ver and de Wilde, 1998: 31). To classify an energy security complex, however, it is necessary to understand the nature and level of energy dependencies through studying the energy profile of a given state: e.g. the extent of external dependence, diversification possibilities, trade levels, domestic supplies etc. This in itself highlights the problematic nature of RSCT if a state is said to have 100% dependency for, say, oil, this contributes to the securitization of energy. On the other hand, if oil only constitutes 10% of the states energy profile, this brings about an entirely different view. Therefore, in order to analyse energy security from this standpoint we must choose whether it is more beneficial to group together major energy sources, or to base our understanding upon aggregate energy reliance of a given state. Further to this, it is crucial to acknowledge that energy security also entails a need for supply security and demand security. In addition, dependence can be both positive and negative between two or more states. While RSCT presents a plausible and applicable framework in terms of understanding energy security, it is limited in that it does not address the interaction of states at a global level. With the possibility and indeed reality of constructing long energy export pipelines and transport energy by land and sea, we can see that energy (inter)dependence between states from different regions is both real and developing. Furthermore, it is undeniable that with the rise of globalization, the integration and transfer of knowledge, and the power of technology, energy security is not confined solely within regional complexes. 2.5 Critical Security Studies (CSS) Increasingly, IR theorists have been left searching for a concept to shed light on why structures and responses within the international society are increasingly determined by shared ideas rather than material forces, and that the identities and interests of purposive actors are constructed by these shared ideas rather than given in nature (Wendt, 1991: 1). In contract to the realist and neo-realist assumption that security is primarily defensive, traditional and in pursuit of hegemony, CSS significantly broadens the concept of security. It brings in the notion of instability-of-the-object within the international system, and conceptualizes security not as an absolute feature but as a constructed quality which is dependent on shared ideas rather than state-centric gain (McSweeney, 1991:1). CSS has already been subject to diversification since its appearance in the 1990s, but several key aspects characterize this school of thought. They are summarised by Vaughan-Williams below as foll ows: The focus of analysis within CSS is called the referent object this can be an actor, sector, or concept which requires securitization The broadening of security. This refers to the move away from narrow and traditional views of security defined in terms of military strength, and posits concerns within other sectors as security issue The normative approach suggests what must or ought to be secured and analysed. The derivative nature of security. This idea speculates that our methods of understanding the world have a profound effect on the way we approach and conceptualize security (2010: 4).

Acid Rain :: Free Essay Writer

Acid Rain Acid rain is a great problem in our world. It causes fish and plants to die in our waters. It causes harm to our own race as well because we eat these fish, drink this water and, eat these plants. About 20 years ago scientists first believed that acid rain was due to entirely air pollution. They were partially right. Since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution in England, pollution had been affecting all the trees, soil and rivers in Europe and North America. The use of fossil fuels, such as coal and oil, are largely to be blamed for almost half of the emissions of sulfur dioxide in the world. However, there is another cause. The other cause is naturally occurring sulfur dioxide. Natural sources which release this gas are volcanoes, sea spray, rotting vegetation and plankton. The EPA {Environmental Protection Agency} has an acid rain program. This program is working to significantly reduce utilities’ emissions of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides, the pollutants responsible for acid deposition. Across Europe there is a project going on in the schools, whose main goal is to educate young people about the changing nature of acid rain and the response of environmental systems to these changes, called â€Å"Acid Rain 2000†. Schools are being invited to join the project from across continental Europe as well as the UK. Already the project has participants in Norway, Sweden, Finland, Poland and Denmark. People can get more involved with wanting to solve this problem by becoming more aware of acid rain and spreading awareness as well. Awareness should start in the schools. Students should be given the right perspective about acidic rain. Some people are under the impression that acidic lakes are grimy and gross, when really they have a captivating beauty. Granted the reason the lakes are so clear and beautiful are for the wrong reasons, people should know what to look out for. Students should be taught to conserve fossil fuels at a very young age, for the fossil fuels will be gone one day. When conserving the fossil fuels, the students will also be limiting the amount of sulfur emitted into the air, which in turn lessens the amount of acidity in the rain.

Should Homewrok be Banned?

The subject of homework being banned has been discussed and debated for years by students, teachers and parents. Both sides of the argument have numerous reasons for their decision, but here are some of the reasons why homework should not be banned from schools. First of all, homework encourages students to undertake independent learning which they will be required to do when they get to University. Many people argue that schools spoon-feed their students, which makes them completely unprepared for what awaits them at higher education when all research and further reading must be done on the student’s own time. By setting homework in the form of projects, students will be able to learn on their own and develop skills that will serve them well in later life.It also helps to teach the students responsibility and time management skills, seeing as the teacher is not there to make them learn. Secondly, a lot of students prefer to learn on their own and teach themselves, rather than having a teacher lecture them. Homework encourages children to do this and may also help them to revise it more thoroughly.Whatever students have learnt in the classroom can then be reinforced and solidified by completing homework tasks. Homework can also be beneficial for the teacher as when they collect homework in to mark it, it gives them a good idea of how much their students understand what is being taught. Practice makes perfect as the saying goes.So the only way to get better at algebra is to practice it, which is why teachers set homework. It help to encourage a great number of skills that students will find extremely useful not only in school and any further education that they may go on to, but also in jobs that they will have.

Case Studies – Answers to the Questions B2B Marketing Managers

Case Studies – Answers to the Questions B2B Marketing Managers At Savvy B2B Marketing, we thrive on different perspectives and new ideas, which is why we are thrilled to welcome today's guest blogger, Casey HIbbard, also known as the queen of case studies. In her blog – Stories that Sell – Casey shares success-story marketing best practices. More fantastic guests are planned for the weeks ahead, so stay tuned. Customer case studies are high-value, in-demand marketing and sales collateral. Marketing teams are tasked with producing powerful stories, yet it’s not always easy.Classroom I work with all types of marketers, from those new to case studies to seasoned veterans. The same questions come up again and again. Here are marketers’ top questions – and some answers – on creating and managing case studies: 1. How do we get customers to participate? Unfortunately, there’s no one-size-fits-all answer. It comes down to finding the wi n-win opportunity with every customer that you want to feature. Brainstorm with internal colleagues close to the customer about possible motivators. Does the company want to tell a certain story right now?Does your individual contact want PR internally for bringing about successful outcomes? Then discuss your ideas candidly with the customer. From there, create a customized joint promotional plan or agreement that meets both your needs and the customer’s objectives. 2. How long does it take to produce a case study? The clock starts when you interview the customer. If everything goes relatively smoothly, an approximately two-page case study or success story takes about one month to complete, on average. If your contact is responsive and has the authority to approve your story, then the process can be done in a couple of weeks.But if multiple people are reviewing and approving it, it can take months, worst case. Always start well ahead of any trade shows or sales opportunities to ensure you get the story you need. 3. How do we get measurable results? To draw measurable results out of happy customers, you have to get very specific internally and with featured customers. Identify what metrics mean the most to your prospects, and areas where current customers typically see results. Craft interview questions accordingly, making sure to ask before-and-after questions (how much time did a process take compared to now? . Walk customers through each area of potential benefit because most haven’t stopped to quantify yet. Negotiate with customers on what metrics they are willing to share and how. You may have a specific way that you'd like to represent ROI, but your customer isn't comfortable with that. Your customer might be more willing to talk in percentages or in factors of (twice as, one-third of†¦ ) instead of in dollar amounts. 4. How long should my case study or success story be? The length of your customer story depends on your audience and the point in the sales cycle.The goal: Answer the prospect’s questions and objections at the right time. As a general rule, business decision-makers prefer shorter overviews (1-2 page success stories) that focus on business results. And perhaps early on, technology decision-makers appreciate that briefer overview. But as they get further along in the evaluation process, IT people in particular, and sometimes department/division managers, want more details (case studies of 2+ pages) about factors such as implementation, customizability, ease of use/maintenance, functionality and support.Technology folks also tend to want more candid stories that include lessons learned. These are the questions I hear most. What are your top questions and challenges when it comes to case studies? About the author: Casey Hibbard is author of the book, â€Å"Stories That Sell: Turn Satisfied Customers into Your Most Powerful Sales ; Marketing Asset† and principal of Compelling Cases Inc. She also writes the Stories That Sell blog.

Vietnam War project. (life in the states during the war essays

Vietnam War project. (life in the states during the war essays The Impact of the Vietnam War on the People of America The Vietnam War was one of the most tragic wars in American history. The affects it had on the American people were tremendous. Even today many Americans have the frightening, unforgettable memories of the war. The war was accounted to be over in 1973, but Americans still suffer the aftershocks of a national trauma that has left the nation bitterly divided and estranged from its ideals. Although the painful memories will be eased, they will never be fully healed. Today I will have the pleasure of interviewing a close friend of the family. He has been a friend of the family for about fifteen years and Ive personally known him for about ten of those years. Off course his identity will be kept confidential. I will be asking him many questions on his views and opinions of the Vietnam war. I will also be asking him questions about life at home during this painful time in American society. The aftershock left from the war and how life went on after this horrible experience. During the 1960s my subject was a young eighteen year old with a bright future ahead of him. He was growing up in a small town just north of Corpus Christi Texas. Life at home was comfortable in his words. His family wasnt poor or wealthy. But some how they always managed to get what they needed or asked for. From the very beginning he was worried about the war. Being a young teenager he was still confused about all the drama surrounding the war. Reason for protesting and why or why not to enter the war was all confusing. Why they were fighting in this war was also another question he wondered. All that he knew was that he should volunteer for the war because that was the right thing to do. When he would talk to his mom and dad about volunteering for the war his family was fine with his decision to try to volunteer for the war. So he and his best friend would make a little trip up no...

Alternative Dispute Resolution Essays

Alternative Dispute Resolution Essays Alternative Dispute Resolution Paper Alternative Dispute Resolution Paper Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) is the name given to the process where parties in a dispute come to a compromise or settle their dispute without going to court. The main reason people use ADR is to save the expense of using the courts and solicitors. There are four main forms of Alternative Dispute Resolution. Negotiation is the simplest form of ADR. Where two people have a dispute they can negotiate a solution themselves. The advantages to the parties involved are that it is completely private and its fast and cheap. Mediation is where a neutral person the mediator helps the parties to reach a compromise. The job of the mediator is to consult with each party and see how much common ground there is between them. S/he should act as a facilitator, taking offers between the parties. The mediator doesnt offer an opinion. Mediation is most suitable where there is some chance that the parties will co-operate. Mediation is not legally binding on the parties. There are a number of organisations that offer mediation services. One of the main ones is the Centre for Dispute Resolution; many companies use their mediation services to save money in legal fees. The only disadvantage of using mediation to settle a dispute is there is no guarantee that a settlement will be reached. This means that you still have to use the courts, so in effect failure at the mediation stage can result in extra delays and extra costs. However, the Centre for Dispute Resolution report that around 80% of the disputes they deal with are settled without the need for any court action. Conciliation is similar to mediation where a neutral third party helps the parties to resolve their dispute; however, the conciliator plays a more active role in the process. S/he will be expected to suggest ways in which a compromise could be reached. Conciliation is not legally binding on the parties. The Advisory, Conciliation and Arbitration Service (ACAS) are used by many employers and Trade Unions to settle disputes before (and sometimes during) industrial action takes place. Arbitration is the most formal of the methods used to settle disputes without using the courts. Arbitration is where the parties with a disagreement pass their dispute to a third party, who will make a judgment on their behalf. This judgment will then be legally binding on the parties. The relevant law on arbitration can be found in the Arbitration Act 1996. The agreement to go to arbitration can be made by the parties at any time. It can be written into a business contract by what is called a Scott v Avery clause or the parties may just agree on arbitration when a dispute arises. The parties can agree the number of arbitrators who will hear their dispute. It could be three, two or just one person. The parties will normally appoint someone who is an expert in their particular area of business. There is also the Institute of Arbitrators who will provide trained arbitrators to parties who wish to settle a dispute. The actual procedure to be followed in any arbitration hearing is left to the parties to decide. Therefore, arbitration hearings can take many forms. The parties can decide on a paper arbitration, which means the parties submit everything to the arbitrator in writing, who will then read everything and make a decision. However the parties can also have a hearing at which they appear and give evidence and witnesses may be called.

Qualifier Words in English

Qualifier Words in English In English grammar, a  qualifier is a word or phrase  (such as very) that precedes an adjective or adverb, increasing or decreasing the quality signified by the word it modifies.   Here are some of the most common qualifiers in English (though a number of these words have other functions as well): very, quite, rather, somewhat, more, most, less, least, too, so, just, enough, indeed, still, almost, fairly, really, pretty, even, a bit, a little, a (whole) lot, a good deal, a great deal, kind of, sort of. Compare their usage with  intensifiers, which amplify what they modify and are adjectives or adverbs, and  degree adverbs, which can modify verbs and other modifiers. Some qualifiers have more limited usage contexts than others. In the third edition of English Grammar: A University Course, Angela Downing illustrates, using fairly:   Fairly  as a modifier indicates an almost large or reasonable degree of a quality (fairly accurate, fairly well-off). It can be used more easily with favourable and neutral adjectives than with strongly  unfavourable  ones, as with  fairly honest, fairly intelligent, fairly reasonable, but not  ?fairly dishonest, ?fairly foolish, ?fairly [sic] unreasonable: He seems to have a  fairly  good idea  of what he wants to do. (Routledge, 2014) Writing Advice An over-reliance on qualifiers is a sign of amateurish writing. To improve your writing, go through your text and find all the qualifiers. Take them out wherever you can. As needed, revise the sentences or sections relying heavily  on them to give more detail  and more specifics. Use better verbs in the sentences or description to show- rather than tell- whats going on. Then you wont even need the qualifiers, because the imagery or the argument will be painted much more thoroughly for the reader. Qualifiers have their place, Mignon Fogarty advises, but make sure theyre not just taking up space (Grammar Girl Presents the Ultimate Writing Guide for Students, 2011).   The famous writing book by William Strunk Jr. and E.B. White has more strict advice:   Avoid the use of  qualifiers.  Rather, very, little, pretty- these are the leeches that infest the pond of prose, sucking the blood of words. The constant use of the adjective  little  (except to indicate size) is particularly debilitating; we should all try to do a little better, we should all be very watchful of this rule, for it is a rather important one, and we are pretty sure to violate it now and then. (The Elements of Style, 3rd ed. Macmillan, 1979) Qualifiers vs. Adverbs Qualifiers seem to work like adverbs- and theyll even be in the dictionary listed as such- but they differ slightly from your basic adverb.  Thomas P. Klammer and Muriel R. Schulz explained:   Traditional grammarians usually classified qualifiers as adverbs of degree, and at first glance, judging on the basis of meaning and function, this seems reasonable. Degree adverbs- like  completely, absolutely, extremely,  and  excessively- can fit into the same position as the prototype, and they have similar meanings.However, qualifiers are not true adverbs; they fail to fulfill several of the criteria for adverbs....First, qualifiers do not modify verbs....Second, with one or two exceptions, like  really  and  fairly, qualifiers do not have adverb derivational  suffixes. Third, qualifiers cannot be made  comparative  or  superlative....And fourth, qualifiers do not  intensify. (Analyzing English Grammar. Allyn and Bacon, 1992)

Placement report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Placement report - Essay Example Chalayan’s vision in his design work is to tell stories through his creations, providing a narrative within the framework of each piece. Most of his art design connects closely to the human body in some manner and there is a subtle undercurrent of sexuality, along with occasional fetishes relating to power, domination, and restraint (Burley, 2013). As in his graduate collection, Chalayan likes to design with clothes that can tell or imply some type of story, where the clothes appear to have gone through an event or action. His choice of materials, wood, metal, mirrors, were also distinctive and it has been part of his goal to always find new ways of saying something different and unique (Violette, 2011). Indeed, his most iconic show may be that of SS07, in which he presented a line of morphing animatronic dresses, which changed into another era of style during the modelling walkway process. One dress started out as a sculptured Victorian-styled dress that morphed into a 1920s flapper dress by using hidden mechanisms. The last dress on the walkway, actually disappeared, leaving the model as totally nude (Burley, 2013). â€Å"Boredom is a big thing for me. As a child, I remember being worried that I’d be bored in Cyprus (home), which is an isolated island, so I had to really create my own world to keep myself going. I think probably a lot of my worldview stems from the fact that boredom is a big thing.† (Burley, 2013). In another fashion show that Chalayan created, the focus was on wooden furniture in a living room. The models walked around the furniture and removed fabric covers off each piece, put them on, and wore them as dresses. The last piece left was a wooden table. A model walked over, removed the centre piece, then stepped into the opening and pulled the piece up to her waist. It became the layered wooden skirt, seen in figure 1 above

Arab Societies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Arab Societies - Essay Example l-Ziyy Al-Islami or Islamic dress is something that distinguishes them from others because such dress should reflect the cornerstones of the Islamic belief system of privacy, humility, piety and moderation. Such simplicity of dress reminds them that luxury and leisure await them in the next world. Thus, embellishment of one’s dress or body is not seen positively unlike in other cultures. The qur’an, it says that the Prophet Muhammad admonished men’s clothing should be modest especially during worship and women’s clothing, not attracting any attention and men’s lustful desire to themselves. The Qur’an gives specific rules as to socio-moral behaviour of Islamic believers. It tells men and women to â€Å"lower their gaze and cover their genitals† when they interact so that any sexual tension will not build up. Islam accepts sexuality as normal for humans but it restricts it to matrimony. Outside marriage, behaviour between men and women in interaction should be desexualized. There should be control and regulation body and interactive space and all interactions should be in public. The Islamic dress is one kind of desexualizing control. In more contemporary times, the Islamic dress code for men and women were full-length opaque and austere-colored gallabiyyas which are loose-fitting clothes that conceal the body. In addition, men wore trousers and sandals and grew beards and women wore al-khimars, headcovers which cover the hair and extends low to the forehead, goes under the chin to conceal the neck and falls down over the chest and back. In some Arabic societies, wearing of such traditional garb has become quite controversial. The government has discouraged the wearing of such clothes in an effort to westernize their culture. However, some Islamic revolutionists want to keep the tradition going and insist on wearing it. It came to a point where the wearing of â€Å"the veil† which represents Islamic dress was seen to be a rebellious action. It

Pressure ulcer (critical incident analysis) Essay

Pressure ulcer (critical incident analysis) - Essay Example 2006, 472). There are four stages of pressure ulcer occurrence from stage I to stage IV. Stage I involves an intact skin where an ulceration results that indicates a reactive hyperemia. Stage II involves partial skin loss of the dermis and epidermis while stage III entails full thickness skin loss with extension into the subcutaneous tissue. Stage IV entails a full thickness of tissue loss with extension in to adjacent muscles, bones, tendons and joint capsule (Lyder & Ayello 2005, 281). Pressure ulcers develop in risk prone individuals i.e. those who are immobile especially the sick and elderly patients confined to wheelchairs. However, a number of factors influence the tolerance of the skin, the shear and pressure effect thus increases the risk of pressure ulcer development. These factors include protein calorie malnutrition, wetness of the skin as a result of incontinence or sweating and medical conditions limiting blood flow to the skin such as paralysis or neuropathy (Reddy et al. 2006, 977).They are preventable skin conditions, but their rate of occurrence continue to escalate yet at an increasing alarming rate. Between the period of 1995 and 2008 pressure ulcers incidence increased by 80 percent, and the rate is not expected to decline due to poor patient’s acre in the nursing homes and hospitals (Bennett et al. 2004, 230). About 2.5 million patients develop pressure ulcer each year in the United States, while more than a million patients remain affect ed annually (White-Chu et al. 2011, 245). The rate is expected to increase due to the increase of the population at risk i.e. the obese, elderly, diabetic patients (Bader, 2005, 25). Therefore, addressing and preventing the condition is of utmost importance to the public, as it will prevent patients from further harm and reduce the cost of care (Clay, 2008, 12). Pressure ulcers occurrence

Examine the consequences of the establishment of a system of universal Research Paper

Examine the consequences of the establishment of a system of universal health care - Research Paper Example Nevertheless, there are difficulties ahead. There are two ways to implement a program of universal healthcare. The first is to have the government pay for all necessary healthcare expenses as is done in Canada. This is sometimes called the single payer method. Healthcare is centrally rationed and is available to all by dint of citizenship or residency. This is a good method of delivering the service—even if it is very expensive—but it is hard to implement in a highly developed economy such as the United States'. The second method is to force insurance companies to insure everyone. Normally, insurers don't like people who have preexisting conditions which make them risky. The government can create laws that force them to offer insurance anyway. Usually, the insurers will receive a subsidy to help them out. Before Obamacare passed, many liberals sought a pure public option. But is a public option such a great step forward? With the cost of healthcare rapidly accelerating, it may be too taxing for many countries to implement. Even in Canada, there is an increasing movement towards private clinics (Kraus).

Current trends in Mental health Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Current trends in Mental health - Assignment Example Before a discussion of the current topic can be started, it is important first to adequately define mental illness. Mental illness is defined by the Mental Health Act as a health condition which â€Å"changes a person’s thinking, feelings, or behaviour (or all three) and that causes the person distress and difficulty†. It also includes various health conditions which are defined by defects of the individual’s normal cognitive, emotional, and behavioural functions, and caused by social, genetic, and psychological factors, including infection or head trauma. Under the Care Programme Approach, these health conditions have to be adequately evaluated in the patient and a plan of care efficiently established. The current trend chosen by the author is the Care Programme Approach. The Care Programme Approach or the CPA was first established in England for individuals with mental illnesses, referred to psychiatric professionals. This programme requires Health Authorities, in coordination with Social Services Departments, to establish specific arrangements for the care of mentally ill patients in the community setting (CPA, 2011). This programme has four main considerations or aspects: assessment, a care plan, a key worker, and regular review (CPA, 2011). Assessment basically includes the orderly processes implemented in the assessment of the health needs of the individuals admitted with specialist mental health needs; a care plan includes the plan identified in relation to health social considerations; key workers are those who coordinate the plan and delivery of patient care; and finally, standard review is the standard and scheduled evaluation processes, as well as the changes needed in th e care plan. (CPA, 2011). Changes in the CPA came about in 2008, the CPA established a new approach in mental health care which described the approach used in secondary mental health care in order to assess, plan, and coordinate treatments and support needs for individuals in contact with secondary mental health services who have severe mental health issues (Department of Health, 2008a). It is considered an approach – more than a system – because the manner by which activities are carried out is as crucial as the actual activities themselves. New qualities of those who would need CPA support include those individuals: who require multi-agency support; active engagement, intense intervention; support with dual diagnosis; and those who have a higher risk for acquiring mental health issues (DoH, 2008a). This new trend abolished the two-tier system of Standard or Enhanced CPA and discarded the single-tier system. The main goals of this new trend were to eliminate or minimi ze bureaucracy by removing from the system those who did not have as many health needs. It also came about because the CPA used to include patients whose needs could be covered under standard care (treatment provided within secondary mental health services, for patients not requiring the support of the CPA). The new trend or provisions of the CPA established that CPA would no longer be used in order â€Å"to describe the usual system of provision of mental health services to those with more straightforward needs in secondary mental health services† (DoH, 2008a). In effect, in instances when the service user has specified needs and can contact one agency, then he must be allowed to do so and that agency would be considered responsible for him. No formal

Organic restaurant Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Organic restaurant - Term Paper Example As a means of gaining a competitive advantage in the market, the restaurant will employ professional nutritionists to facilitate menu planning. Apart from offering meals to the clients’, the restaurant will provide additional support services to their clients. The restaurants employees will supply nutritional information on food items delivered to their clients (Fullen 116). Health life will collaborate with health institutions in researching on the best diet to offer to the market. Additionally, the restaurant will assess the impacts that consumption of organic foods on the population. Market segmentation will equally constitute a strategy for use at health life restaurant. The restaurant will group their clients to meet the demands of special interest groups. For example, preparation of foods for vegetarians will be advantageous in catering for the special interest groups. The location of the facility in Hollywood will provides an opportunity of engaging in awareness campaigns. This will be achievable with the support of their celebrity clients who reside in Los Angeles. Operations at the restaurant will thrive because majority of the populations are aware of their nutritional needs. According to Fullen (111), employees and clients will play an integral role in influencing the choice of the corporate level strategies. The location of the restaurant will provide an opportunity to increase its publicity by targeting celebrity clients. The celebrities will assist in marketing the establishment as a restaurant that shows concern for people’s health. The restaurant will conduct operations differently from other restaurants. The management will equally focus on the needs of the market before coming up with the marketing strategies. The institution will employ analysts who will continuously monitor trends of the market before advising the management on the best

Current trends in Mental health Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Current trends in Mental health - Assignment Example Before a discussion of the current topic can be started, it is important first to adequately define mental illness. Mental illness is defined by the Mental Health Act as a health condition which â€Å"changes a person’s thinking, feelings, or behaviour (or all three) and that causes the person distress and difficulty†. It also includes various health conditions which are defined by defects of the individual’s normal cognitive, emotional, and behavioural functions, and caused by social, genetic, and psychological factors, including infection or head trauma. Under the Care Programme Approach, these health conditions have to be adequately evaluated in the patient and a plan of care efficiently established. The current trend chosen by the author is the Care Programme Approach. The Care Programme Approach or the CPA was first established in England for individuals with mental illnesses, referred to psychiatric professionals. This programme requires Health Authorities, in coordination with Social Services Departments, to establish specific arrangements for the care of mentally ill patients in the community setting (CPA, 2011). This programme has four main considerations or aspects: assessment, a care plan, a key worker, and regular review (CPA, 2011). Assessment basically includes the orderly processes implemented in the assessment of the health needs of the individuals admitted with specialist mental health needs; a care plan includes the plan identified in relation to health social considerations; key workers are those who coordinate the plan and delivery of patient care; and finally, standard review is the standard and scheduled evaluation processes, as well as the changes needed in th e care plan. (CPA, 2011). Changes in the CPA came about in 2008, the CPA established a new approach in mental health care which described the approach used in secondary mental health care in order to assess, plan, and coordinate treatments and support needs for individuals in contact with secondary mental health services who have severe mental health issues (Department of Health, 2008a). It is considered an approach – more than a system – because the manner by which activities are carried out is as crucial as the actual activities themselves. New qualities of those who would need CPA support include those individuals: who require multi-agency support; active engagement, intense intervention; support with dual diagnosis; and those who have a higher risk for acquiring mental health issues (DoH, 2008a). This new trend abolished the two-tier system of Standard or Enhanced CPA and discarded the single-tier system. The main goals of this new trend were to eliminate or minimi ze bureaucracy by removing from the system those who did not have as many health needs. It also came about because the CPA used to include patients whose needs could be covered under standard care (treatment provided within secondary mental health services, for patients not requiring the support of the CPA). The new trend or provisions of the CPA established that CPA would no longer be used in order â€Å"to describe the usual system of provision of mental health services to those with more straightforward needs in secondary mental health services† (DoH, 2008a). In effect, in instances when the service user has specified needs and can contact one agency, then he must be allowed to do so and that agency would be considered responsible for him. No formal

The Daughters of Catulle Mendes Pierre Auguste Renoir Essay

The Daughters of Catulle Mendes Pierre Auguste Renoir - Essay Example So for a student who does research on art the Museum is the best choice to select paintings for the work of thesis. The Museum has devoted a separate branch especially for the art and architecture of medieval Europe. It has the collection of both the domestic architectural elements and religious architectural elements that range from a period of 12th century to about 15 centuries back. This building with the cloistered gardens is located at the Fort Tryon Park in the upper Manhattan. The mostly highlighted things in the Cloisters are the treasures of sculptures, tapestries, ivories, stained glass, illuminated manuscripts, goldsmith's and silversmith's work and enamels. Cezannes Astonishing Apples - this is a painting painted by a French artist in which a few apples on a tablecloth and a flower vase with flowers could be seen. The astonishing fact here is when the painting is seen from a distance apples look alike but when seen through a magnifying glass no two apples are same. Each and every apple is different from other one. Sphinx of Senwosret III - This belongs to the period of 18This belongs to the period of early eighteenth century to late eighteen century of Before Christ period. It is possessed by the twelfth Dynasty of the Middle Egyptian Kingdom. A Terracotta Calyx - This belongs to five hundred and fifteen century of Before Christ. ... The Italy government gave this piece. Human headed winged lion and winged bull - It belonged to the period of 883-859 B.C about three thousand years ago this was possessed by the King of Ashurnasirpal II, of Assyrian empire for which Nimud was made capital which is now called as Iraq . This image was considered as the guardian and was placed before the palace. The people entering the palace passed from between the legs of the lion which has five legs. Renoir born on 1845 February 25 and died on December 3 1919 was a French artist who contributed greatly to the movement of Impressionism. The movement is about the artists were not allowed to conduct exhibitions privately. They have to give their paintings to the official salon. Renoir gave some of his paintings to the salon and also at he same time dared to conduct exhibitions privately. He was very innovative and always experimented with his work and brought out new methods of paintings with which the work looked exclusively special. The paintings of Renoir give an impression that the figure in the image is coming out of the image, as though the sunrays are falling on the hats or window, as though there is so much delight in the life of a women or the one portrayed, as though some thing special is hidden in them. The freshness and the openness make us feel divine for a moment and we feel are we in the heaven where there is nothing but joy. One must have an artistic heart to understand the art. Renoir's paintings when viewed, I learned that he frequently painted the landscapes along with other artists of impressionism. He imitated other artists like Cezanne, with small parallel strokes of brush. It is also observed that he was fairly capable enough of painting landscapes but failed

A holistic health care team

A holistic health care team Introduction When a patient is admitted into hospital a holistic health care team approach is essential to ensure the right measures are established for a successful recovery. This paper follows a case study of an elderly woman named Mrs. Win, who is post operative Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy. The paper will explore her pervious medical history and the impact that it may have on her current health. Possible nursing problems post surgery will be explored, with focus on one key issue. Through collaboration with allied health services these complications can be addressed holistically. A nursing care plan will be constructed in accordance to the case study in regards to giving the patient the highest quality of care whilst in hospital and after discharge. Body of assignment Mrs Win is a 66 year old female patient who is vacationing around Australia in a caravan with her husband. The patient has a medical history of hypertension which is defined as having a persistent high blood pressure, as well as osteoarthritis which is the breakdown of cartilage in joints causing pain on movement (Berman, et al., 2008). Both conditions she self medicates with Atenolol, Paracetamol and Glucosamine. Mrs Win has just undergone a Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy which is a procedure that involves the removal of the gallbladder through microsurgery. Using advanced laparoscopic technology it is now possible to remove the gallbladder through a tiny incision in the stomach, this has numerous advantages for the patients wellbeing opposed to the traditional open abdominal surgery. The patient may have had her gallbladder removed for several reasons, these may include cholelithiasis (gallstones), acute and chronic cholecystitis (inflammation of the gallbladder) or gallbladder cance r (Herbert et al., 2007). Post surgery Mrs Win has moderate pain, with respirations above the normal limits, her blood pressure is still consistently high however her pulse and oxygen saturation are regular (Berman, et al., 2008). After Mrs Win Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy there are several skills expected of nursing staff to implement so the patient avoids potential problems post operative and furthermore to manage current issues that may be associated with the surgery. Pain management is paramount to the care of a patient. Mrs Win is experiencing pain 3/10 in her abdomen and 5/10 at her right shoulder tip. It is crucial that pain is managed effectively as it can have a detrimental effect on her physical and psychological state, which will impact on her daily functions (St Marie, 2002). Mobility may also become an issue for Mrs Win post procedure due to a variety of reasons which will be discussed in detail later in the paper. Nutrition and hydration are essential to fuelling the body with energy. Mrs Win is complaining of nausea and is only tolerating small sips of water which is inadequate to sustaining normal daily function. Lack of nutrition impacts on her activities of daily living, hampers wound healing, the capacity to fight infection and her general recovery (Dudek, 2001). Mrs Win is also at a risk of impaired skin integrity due to poor nutrition, restricted mobility and her age. Without proper nursing support many factors could work against the patient and begin to breakdown her skin. It is essential pressure area care is performed every few hours to prevent decubitus ulcers (Berman, et al., 2008). Impaired respiratory function is also a key nursing issue as complications can arise with Mrs Wins breathing. Mrs Win is on oxygen therapy of 3L per minute via nasal cannula and currently has a respiratory rate of 22 breathes per minute which is above the normal range 20 breaths per minute (Berman, et al., 2008).Other potential breathing problems can be initiated by the narcotics she is taking for pain management this includes morphine as it can suppress the respiratory system (Bullock Manias, 2011). Wound care is a crucial nursing issue for Mrs Win post surgery as she has four incisions in her abdomen with Verivac drains insitu. Maintaining clean wound sites is essential to help guarantee the site heals effectively without the invasion of micro organisms which can cause infection that may lead to further complications (Bowler, Duerdun, Armstrong, 2001). Constipation with Mrs Win can become a potential nursing issue whilst in hospital and after discharge. This implication can arise due to the gastro Intestinal track being lethargic after surgery because of general anaesthetic or the trauma received to stomach during the operation. Peristalsis may also be delayed as constant lying on the back can inhibit this movement of the bowel( Mattson Porth, Matfin, 2009) This would make Mrs Win feel uncomfortable and can be medicated with oral laxatives or suppositories (Bullock Manias, 2011). Mobility would be a major issue for Mrs Win during her hospital stay and furthermore after her discharge because she is travelling around the country by caravan. Mobility is defined as the ability of a person to move efficiently and effectively from one place to another with comfort and ease (Crepeau, Cohn Schell, 2003). A person being immobile can severely impacts on their activities of daily living and take away their independence, which can become detrimental to the persons mental wellbeing (Crisp Taylor, 2005).Post surgery from Mrs Win Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy her mobility would be significantly affected for various reasons. She is experiencing pain which will put off any movement as it would be uncomfortable furthermore she is nauseous and may not feel confident getting out of bed. Mrs Win may be dizzy and fatigued from the pain medication which may also restrict her movements. Additionally the patient is on oxygen therapy, an intravenous line and Verivac drains insitu the se factors may discourage movement. Anxiety of these restricting factors may also deter Mrs Win to ambulate. Impaired mobility can have detrimental affects the body physically and mentally. Without movement venous circulation slows down and the coagulation of blood increases causing thrombus and embolus (â€Å"Nursing fundamentals: the effects of immobility,† 2007) The respiratory system can be notably affected as hypostatic pneumonia may develop because immobile patients have pooling of chest secretions in the lungs and this congestion predispose the respiratory tract to infections (â€Å"Nursing fundamentals: the effects of immobility,† 2007). Other consequences from immobility include muscle atrophy due to lack of exercise and the formation of pressure sores if left in the same position for a prolonged time (â€Å"Nursing fundamentals: the effects of immobility,† 2007). Impaired mobility can hinder Mrs Win personal hygiene which can psychologically affect her if she feels she is losing her independence (Crisp Taylor, 2005). Allied health services would be of great assistance to help Mrs Win recuperate after her operation. Holistic care can be provided to the patient to help with her issue of immobility, the professionals that can help include: an Occupational Therapist, a Physiotherapist, Dietician and a Social Worker. An Occupational Therapist would be beneficial for Mrs Win to help her resolve the issues which hamper her undertaking activities of daily living. An Occupational Therapist considers the persons environment and implements strategies or equipment to help clients increase their independence with daily tasks including washing, dressing and getting in/out of caravan(Crepeau, Cohn Schell, 2003).The occupational therapist could asses her caravan and see if it is suitable for a person recovering from surgery who also has a history of osteoarthritis and if needed make changes to help Mrs Win cope with immobility (e.g. a rail to help her step up into the caravan). Physiotherapists endeavour to develop functional ability of physically impaired clients which will improve their quality of life. A Physiotherapist develops plans based on individual needs to help their clients ambulate with reduced pain and to restore the normal functions of body movement (Herbert et al., 2007). Mrs Win would profit from the help of a Physiotherapist because she is in pain and has decreased mobility following surgery, furthermore her osteoarthritis is contributing to her condition. Mrs Win would have problems with carrying out daily tasks so she can take benefit from care planning and exercises to assist the return of strength, normal function and mobility. An essential element to recovery from surgery is the consumption of a nutritional and healthy diet which is why a dietician would help Mrs Win recuperate post surgery. Dieticians have skills to personalise healthy diets and educate individuals on good nutrition (Dudek, 2001). Mrs Win would benefit from this service as she is not eating hence her meals need to be designed to give maximum nutrition to create the energy needed to facilitate a recovery and fuel mobility. A dietician can additionally educate Mrs Win on foods which stimulate the production of bile needed to break down foods. Bile production is crucial for Mrs Win as she no longer can store bile in her gallbladder so she may need to produce more to help with the digestion process. Incorporated into Mrs Wins care planning could be a Social Worker whose role is to improve the quality of living by assisting them to handle and solve issues with daily life (Payne, 2005). Travelling around the country in a caravan, Mrs Win is away from her support networks and may struggle to deal with daily tasks due to poor mobility. The social worker can organise coping mechanisms to help her deal with the immobility or alternatively arrange accommodation close by until Mrs Win is healthy enough to travel again. Conclusion This paper explored the case study of Mrs Win a 66 year old female post operative from a Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy. We explored her pervious medical history and defined the implications it can have on her current health and furthermore discussed the patients medical diagnosis. In relation to her medical diagnosis several nursing issues where identified with the emphasis on the key problem of immobility and what impact this has on Mrs Win. The paper proposed which allied health services could be beneficial to Mrs Wins recovery. Finally a care plan was constructed with the intent to better the patients health by setting health goals and plans to achieve them. An evaluation was made to determine whether these plans where effective in improving Mrs Win quality of living with all documentation supported with relevant and reputable information.

Causes and Effects of the Persian Gulf War Essay -- Operation Desert S

Causes and Effects of the Persian Gulf War The Persian Gulf War, often referred to as Operation Desert Storm, was perhaps one of the most successful war campaigns in the history of warfare. Saddam Hussein, leader of Iraq, invaded Kuwait in 1990. In 1991, after weeks of air strikes, US ground forces entered Iraq and Kuwait and eliminated Iraqi presence in 60 hours. Why Would Iraq invade Kuwait? Kuwait supplies much of the world’s oil supplies, and when Hussein invaded Kuwait, he controlled 24% of the world’s oil supplies (O’Hara). Though this is a good reason, it is not the only one. Iraq’s real excuse for annexing Kuwait was that he believed that Kuwait was producing more oil than it was supposed to, taking out of Iraq’s profits. Also, Iraq was $80 billion in debt to Kuwait, and Iraq thought that the debt should be forgiven (Brown). After Iraq attacked Kuwait, the United States and other countries feared that Saudi Arabia would be next and that the world’s oil supply was in jeopardy. This was the spark that leads to the Persian Gulf War. There was also controversy with Iraq even before the invasion of Kuwait. Iraq was suspected of developing chemical weapons. The United Nations had often asked to check their weapons supplies to prevent Iraq from gaining great military power. When Iraq refused to let the UN inspectors into the country, suspicion was raised. One final thing that began the Persian Gulf War was Iraq’s development of the SCUD Missile. Though n...

Escaping Reality in Mark Twains The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Ess

Running From Reality in Huckleberry Finn        Ã‚  Ã‚   In Mark Twain's The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, a main target of satire is the romantic view of life. Though the characters and symbols, it is evident that the idyllic views are being disparaged. Some of the people in this book are simply deluded, while others cause major tribulations during their lives. Literary romanticism can be pleasant, but it is not real and can confuse those not sage enough to distinguish the difference between a writer's fantasy and their reality. For a person who sees the delusions that humans allow themselves, this can be aggravating. The annoyance caused is not the problem, however. It is the harm caused. The romantic problems brought to light in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn show how desperate mankind is to escape from its problems rather than face their reality.    The sinking of the steamboat Walter Scott is symbolic of Twain's dislike for Ivanhoe and its author. In the adventure book, the characters live through a near revolution and even receive a happy ending. Realistically, unless the force was greater, a small group of men would have little chance against an army in a castle. Also, in history, love does not always exist between the heroine and the hero. The events described could happen, but the people are not real. Their actions do not always fit those of someone from their background. A believable character would be like Pap, who stays in character until he is found dead. The reader can tell that when Pap signs the temperance pledge, he will not keep it. He is humorous to those that see how ignorant he is, chasing his own son for being "the Angel of Death". As for the characters in such a book as Ivanhoe, their actions only... ...further their existence any. Substituting a fantasy for the truth of one's situation cannot help ameliorate the impediments of life.    Works Cited Pritchett, V. S.   Adventures of Huckleberry Finn:   An Annotated Text, Background and Sources, Essays in Criticism.   Eds.   Sculley Bradley, Richmond Croom Beatty, and E. Hudson Long.   New York:   Norton, 1961. Pearce, Roy Harvey.  Ã‚   "Yours Truly, Huck Finn."  Ã‚   One Hundred Years of Huckleberry Finn.   Ed. Robert Sattlemeyer and J. Donald Crowley.   Baltimore:   The John Hopkins University Press, 1985.   Rpt. in Mark Twain.   Modern Critical Views.   Ed. Harold Bloom.   New York:   Chelsea House Publishers, 1986.   159-82. Railton, Stephen.   "Jim and Mark Twain:   What Do Dey Stan' For?"   Virginia Quarterly Review 63.3 (Summer 1987):   393-408. Twain, Mark. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. New York: Bantam, 1994

Nationalism in Italy during the 1900’s Essay

By 1871, the separate states of Italy had finally become a unified country. Nationalism played a ver large part in this unification process. If it hadn’t been for the people of this region having a strong sense of pride for their country, Italy would still be split up into many nations as it was in the early 1800’s. There were certain people who helped move this process along tremendously, including Cavour, Mazzini and Garibaldi. All these great men helped form new movements or ideas. Then in the late 1800’s, the people of Italy had a growing sense of nationalism, which led to many changes in the future of their states. Feelings of nationalism arose while Napoleon I was in rule and then later, developed into large movements. Even more importantly, thinkers and writers who tried to create interests in the Italian traditions, ended up bringing up the Risorgimento, which in Italian means – † the resurgence†. Risorgimento was a nationalistic movement aimed to liberation and unification. Patriots of the Risorgimento worked together in their aims of liberation and unification, however, they disagreed on what type of government that would come into place after this unification. Secret societies called Carbonari, which was created and led by Mazzini, who furthered nationalistic feelings and was even imprisoned for the uprisings he caused. Mazzini was an idealist and envisioned a united Italy and devoted his entire life to this goal. Mazzini is also well known for creating another movement called â€Å"Young Italy†, where he called all Italian patriots to join. Cavour, the chief minister of Sardinia, was the man who brought many of these ideas together by using the establishing of new banks, factories, railroads, ships and treaties to lessen the influence of the Roman Catholic Church, and create and united, industrialized Italy. Unlike Mazzini, Cavour was a realist and was always determined to get results from the movements that took place under his rule. These strong feelings made new movements and wars inevitable. Another man that was devoted to Italian freedom was Giuseppe Garibaldi. He  was in and out of the country with exiles and revolutions, but his most important revolutionary plot was that with Cavour. This plot was forming an army, later called the Red Shirts, to free the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies, invade Sicily and seize Naples. The inner conflicts of Italy were crucial to the fight for independence, but the wars with the outside countries were the ones that truly determined the fate of the nation. In 1855, Cavour and Napoleon III secretly met to plan a war against Austria to free Northern Italy. The war began in 1859 and was successful for the first three months until Napoleon decided he didn’t want Italy to be united after all, and signed a secret armistice with Austria. During those first three months, many states overthrew their Austrian rulers and requested an annexation to Sardinia. However, after this major shift in power, many rulers returned to their states that they had originally governed. All throughout the battles fought, the people still embraced the hope they all had for Italy as a free, unified nation. In 1860, a long awaited election was let forth to all the states excluding Rome and Venetia, which were still under Napoleon’s rule, and it was nearly unanimous that the Sardinian king, Victor Emmanuel II would rule the kingdom of Italy. The Italians had nearly achieved their aims of unity and had a parliament representing each state. Their ambition was satisfied when Napoleon III had to pull his troops out of Rome and Venetia for the Franco-Prussian war and they were captured and completed Italy. Even though this was wonderful for Italy to be united as a whole, they were inexperienced with government and were still very much divided by traditions and independence. The Mafia and heavy taxes caused a lot of tension on the country. Although, these were not the results of an earlier disunity, because before uniting, they could have easily had internal conflicts, but when united as a country, it really brings out the problems that certain parts of the country have with one another. Nevertheless, by 1871, Italy had finally reached the point of a unified country, but it still had a long way to go before it became the strong, stable nation it is today.

Labor union trend

I would begin this paper with a definition of what labor union is. According to my source, MSN Encarta, a labor union is an â€Å"association of workers that seeks to improve the economic and social well-being of its members through group action.† Basically, labor union is a group formed by workers to protect their rights and interests from the company from which they are a part. Of course the demand a union may ask may vary from one company to another. However, some of the usual line a union usually asks for its members includes provision of benefits for its members. So what does provision of benefits entail? From the word itself it aims to ensure benefits for its member. Such benefits may include assurance against unemployment of an employee, health benefits in case of sickness, insurance for injury and the like. In most countries, the state assures that the employees get such and such benefits. Another common theme from different unions is their way of negotiating for a higher salary once they find the need to have a higher salary from before. The term used for the said negotiation is collective bargaining. Another common term between unions is industrial action. In industrial action the workers may decide to organize strikes when the company they are in decides not to meet their demands. Moving on, there is said to be two different and thus at odds views in terms of trade unions. The first one is restrictive and thus the only members they accept are those whose line of work or expertise is the same as theirs. The second one aims to unite all workers to better the state of affairs on their working field. Of the two views I think that the second one is more likely to achieve their ends as compared to the first one. I said that because should a revolution be needed in order for things to happen their way then they can win by numbers alone. However, I think that the first one is more likely to share stronger ties than the second one on the basis that since they are restrictive and accept only their own, then understanding each other would be no hard task. Surely since they share more things in common then each one is more likely to understand each others pain and the drive to pursue their goals would be more fiery than that of the second one. Now, unions may seem to be very common nowadays but for many years unions are considered illegal in most countries. However, through time, regardless of the efforts put upon by employers in order for union organizations to fail, the voice of the workers prevailed. There are many unions formed nationwide and the question to be asked is whether global scale union differs in anyway from that of national scale. As an answer, the American Federation of Labor (AFL), founded by Samuel Gompers, aims to form a â€Å"pure and simple† unionism that gives prime importance to collective bargaining in order to reach their goals. The AFL is an example of a union in a nationwide scale. Now, union structures, politics and the like vary from one country to another. Unions may be organized into three kinds, craft unionism, general unionism, and industrial unionism. The said unions are usually separated into locals and then they would eventually be fused together into national federations. The said federations would then join the forces of international unions like the International Union Trade Confederation. I think one difference unions in national scale may have from those of international scale is that the demands of the unions in the national scale, though not completely alike in every way to that of other unions within a certain country, their differences is not so far-off to the point the they would fail to meet in the middle. Unions on the international scale on the other hand could be very different from country to country that the hope to reach a compromise may not be possible. For example, in Germany the only form of union which they consider to be legal are open shop unions wherein such is not the case on other countries. As another example, unions in the United States, unlike from other countries, gives primary importance for collective bargaining to better their salary or even to represent members of their unions should the management decides to violate one of their rights. On other countries the focus of their unions is different from that of the United States. However there are still global trade unions that aim to bridge the gap of different unions from one country to another, such unions is World Federation of Trade Unions. I think that the major role unions’ play in our society today is to protect the right of the workers. Unions assure that the workers are not cheated out of their salary, benefits and the like. I think it is a good thing that the workers decided to get together to get what is their due. Having successful unions on our society today made me think about the line Marx used decades ago, â€Å"all workers unite, you have nothing to lose but your chains†. Surely, what Marx said held true to our society today. And though the Marxists goal is not entirely complete I can say that at least some of their goal came into being such as the getting together of workers which can be seen in different kind of unions nowadays. However, there are still criticisms thrown upon labor unions. Some critics claim that the aim of unions is simply to benefit the workers inside the company even at the expense of the â€Å"outsider workers†, consumers, and the stockholders. These critics argue that unions put those who are unemployed more unlikely to get a job. As for my opinion, I believe that there is some truth in what these critics have in mind. However, such things could be resolved by peaceful talks regarding the things both parties supports. I also believe that the government can address such problems such as unemployment by assuring that every citizen gets employed without any discrimination. As to the fact that there are workers who cannot get the line of work they want then I say that such things are facts of life. Nobody really gets what s/he wants every time. I believe that if one works hard for that thing s/he wants then eventually s/he would be able to attain his or her goal. Thus, they should keep the blame away from labor unions regarding things of that sort. Reference: http://www.socialstudieshelp.com http://www.wikipedia.org

The Higher Animal Essay

Mark Twain’s â€Å"Damned Human Race,† uses a combination of pathos and logos in his article, but within his article Twain had some misconceptions with his arguments. Mark Twain essay, consisted of personality and outlooks between animals and mankind by comparing them to each other.. Throughout the essay he took a variety of animals, and study their traits and how they survive and then compared them to longevity of mankind. Twain came to the conclusion that Descent of Man came from the Higher Animal (Twain), he no longer believe in Darwinian theory which concluded that Ascent of Man came from the Lower Animals. Mark Twain attempts to grab the attention of the readers by using pathos and logos in his work, Twain main purpose is to generally entertain the audience by proving his point while having fallacies within his own writing. Twain used pathos in his written, hunting was used as a example in which Twain tried to connect people with hunting. By connecting those with the same interest, he was able to gain the attention of the reader because they could relate to his findings. Authors use pathos to invoke sympathy from an audience; to make the audience feel what the author wants them to feel (â€Å"Examples of Ethos, Logos and Pathos:). The first occurrence of Twain using pathos, is when he relates to hunting. â€Å"In the course of my reading I had come across a case where, many years ago, some hunters on our Great Plains organized a buffalo hunt for the entertainment of an English earl† (Twain). Pathos was used to tie this to people who like hunting as a sport or people consider themselves hunters. The second occurrence of Twain using pathos to relate to the reader is when he refers to money. Twain wrote, â€Å"I was aware that many men who have accumulated more millions of money than they can ever use have shown a rabid hunger for more, and have not scrupled to cheat the ignorant and the helpless out of their poor servings in order to partially appease that appetite† (Twain). Twain usages of pathos was intended to draw certain readers to his article, he used it very effectively by giving good examples throughout his article. Along with pathos, Twain used logos to gain the reader’s attention in his article to draw the reader closer. Logo is when an author uses facts and  statistics, historical and literal analogies, and citing certain authorities on a subject (â€Å"Examples of Ethos, Logos and Pathos:). In his article, he uses his own inquisition and analysis to prove his certainty. Twain wrote, â€Å"Among my experiments was this. In an hour I taught a cat and dog to be friends. I put them in a cage†(Twain). Another example of pathos used by Twain is when he describe the experiment between anacondas and some calves. The anacondas was satisfied with only one calve and did not harm the other ones. The author used his own research to entertain his readers by comparing mankind with a anaconda. He persuasively was able to gain attention from other readers by using pathos in his writing. â€Å"The Damned Human Race,† by Mark Twain, was very compelling but some of his fact were untruthful. Within Twain writing he had some fallacies, which weakens and undermine his argument as a author. Twain voice his feeling in his article, instead of giving reasonable data or facts to prove a point. Fallacies were used in the writing, it did not overwhelmed what the author was trying to prove to the reader. The information was well presented to the reader without any trouble understanding it. Mark Twain’s article, â€Å"The Damned Human Race† was well written and keep the reader’s engaged by using pathos and logos. By having the author use pathos in his article, the audience was able to bond with this article because they could relate to it in some type of way. Also, by having logos within his writing allowed him to gain the attention of mature readers by using intelligence arguments. Although, Twain had scattering cases of fallacies in his article, it did not any negative impact on the article. Mark Twain’s article was very enjoyable and well drafted, by being able to get his point across without losing the interest of the reader. Work Cited â€Å"Examples of Ethos, Logos and Pathos:.† Ethos, Pathos Logos Explanation and Examples. N.p., n.d. Web. 22 Apr. 2014. . Twain, Mark.†The Damned Human Race.† Moodyap.pbworks.com.n.d.Web. 23 Jan 2014.

Spanish literature Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

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Materials and manufacture 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Materials and manufacture 2 - Essay Example The six different properties of the seven different materials are identified in terms of their standard definition and then the typical values are further tabulated in SI units in the following table 1 for the purpose of comparison. The material specifications for metals such as low carbon steel and aluminum-zinc alloys can be found in American Society of Testing and Materials (ASTM) standards and Aluminum Association standards respectively. For example, ASTM A36 (American Society of Testing and Materials[ASTM], 2011 ) is a low carbon structural steel available in various forms such as plates, bars, sheets and rolled products. The properties of A36 are included in table 1. Aluminum-Zinc alloys are designated as 7000 series Al alloy by Aluminum Association based in Arlington, Virginia. 7000 series however include the entire gamut of products like flats, long, castings and so on. The table 1 provides the properties of aluminum-zinc castings only. The thermoplastic polymers are availabl e in form of various brands in the market. The injected molded polymers parts are widely used in industries and hence included in the property table 1. As regards wood, the properties of solid Beech and Birch are included in table 1. Table 1 Properties of materials (http://www.matweb.com & http://www.matbase.com) Material Yield Strength In MPa Young Modulus In MPa % Elongation Electrical Resistivity In  µ?-m Thermal Conductivity in W/m-K Density In gm /cm3 Low Carbon Steel 250 210000 23 0.1612 43-54 7.85 Aluminum Zinc Alloys 205 71000 1 0.038-0.057 121-155 2.80 Acetal Coplymer 37-120 586-12100 1.0-250 1.0e+17 0.231-0.31 1.32-1.54 HDPE 9-43 180-1570 3.20-2080 1.00e+18 0.288-0.400 0.918-1.05 LDPE 7.7-136 110-449 13.5-800 1.0e+17 0.30-0.33 0.91-0.98 BEECH WOOD 130** 10000-18000 * * 0.04-0.4 0.66-0.780 BIRCH PLY 134** 14500-16500 * * 0.04-0.4 0.73 Note. * Woods and ply are not ductile materials and they are good electrical insulators. 130** and 134** represent Ultimate Tensile strengt h. The standards such as ASTM again provide the measurement techniques of both mechanical and physical properties of materials. Depending on the techniques there may be wider variation in mechanical properties which are dependent on the geometry of the test piece. The physical properties are however constant across all geometries of the test piece but found to vary depending on the varied chemical composition. For example, the carbon content in the ASTM A36 material can influence the thermal conductivity values. Similarly, the polymers namely, Acetal Copolymer, HDPE, LDPE exhibit wide ranges of variation in both physical and mechanical properties across various brands available in the market. Hence the values tabulated in table 1 are all typical values. The actual values shall be taken from suitable sources for a specific application. THE CONCEPT OF THE QUANTITATIVE PROPERTIES Strength: It can be defined either in terms of Yield Tensile Strength or Ultimate Strength depending on the desired application. Yield Tensile Strength is the axial load applied per unit area just required to initiate plastic deformation beyond the elastic range of the material. This plastic

The Crucible by Arthur Miller Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

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To develop a policy to address an issue identified in a practice Research Paper

To develop a policy to address an issue identified in a practice setting in nursing - Research Paper Example This is achievable through the establishment of an effective bedside policy that promotes effective hand off in the health care setting. Reporting in this case refers to the transfer of accountability, responsibility, and authority of a patient and their care from one caregiver to another. Bedside reporting, on the other hand, refers to a concept that involves providing a report to the incoming caregiver in the presence of a patient. This report provides a policy that seeks to maximize the benefits bedside report (Athwal, Fields, and Wagnell, 2009). To maximize the benefits of bedside report in the hospital, nurses will be required to adhere to the following policy initiatives. Firstly, immediately on the day of admission, a bedside nurses or any other hospital staff will be required to explain briefly the process to patients and families, as well as invite patients and families to form part of the bedside shift report. In addition, bedside shift nurses will be required to give patients a brochure on the bedside shift report. Secondly, at each shift, nurses must ensure that the shift report takes place at the patient’s bedside. At the same time, nurses will be required to invite patients and families to take part in the shift report. Anderson and Mangino (2006) observed that, in some instances, patients or families might not be privy to certain information or diagnosis. However, bedside shift report is not the right place to discuss bad news. In this regard, nurses will be required to refrain from divulging any sensitive information or diagnosis during bedside shift. Instead, they will be required to follow the procedure set out by the hospital for discussing such sensitive information. Families also tend to complicate matters during bedside shift report (Griffin, 2010). This sometimes makes it difficult for nurses to know

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Ancient and Medieval Political Theory - Essay Example Aristocratic government is not really idealistic, however during the roman heights, kingship and democracy could have been more prevalent, and the democracy practiced then could have been an inverted aristocracy. Even though discusses the three concept of unmixed government, he opines that the roman government is a blend of the three styles of government. Consuls correspond to the idea of monarchy, the senate embodied aristocracy and democracy was reflected in the state’s public gathering. Systems of government differ with each with its own advantages and disadvantages, but due to man’s conscious desire for freedom, democracy has emerged to be an overwhelming favorite throughout the globe. Present day ideas behind democracy would totally differ with the notion held by Polybius during the ancient roman glory. The government as perceived by Polybius would be unmanageable with the advent of the more conscious modern man. The United States political system mirrors that was described by Polybius in the book, and that of the evolution of the American system showed the empire growth of the ancient

Summary of Cooking Terms Essay Example for Free

Summary of Cooking Terms Essay The following is an alphabetical list of terms that describe ways of applying heat to foods. Basic cooking methods described earlier are included, as are more specific applications of these basic methods. BAKE To cook foods by surrounding them with hot, dry air. Similar to roast, but the term bake usually applies to breads, pastries, vegetables and fish. BARBECUE (1)To cook with dry heat created by the burning of hard wood or by the hot coals of this wood. (2) Loosely, to cook over hot coals, such as on grill or spit, often with a seasoned marinade or basting sauce. BLANCH. To cook an item partially and very briefly in boiling water or in hot fat. Usually a pre-preparation technique, as to loosen peels of vegetables, fruits, and nuts, to partially cook French fries or other foods before service, to prepare for freezing, or to remove undesirable flavors. BOIL To cook in water or other liquid that is bubbling rapidly, about 21. 2 degrees F (100 degrees C) at sea level and at normal pressure BRAISE (1)To cook covered in a small amount of liquid, usually after preliminary browning. (2) To cook certain vegetables slowly in a small amount of liquid without preliminary browning. BROIL To cook with radiant heat from above DEEP-FRY To cook submerged in hot fat. DEGLAZE To swirl a liquid in a saute pan, roast pan, or other pan to dissolve cooked particles of food remaining on the bottom. DRY-HEAT COOKING METHODS Methods in which heat is conducted to foods without the use of moisture. FRY To cook in hot fat GLAZE To give shine to the surface of a food by applying a sauce, aspic, sugar, or icing, and/or by browning or melting under a broiler or salamander or in an oven. GRIDDLE To cook on a flat, solid cooking surface called a griddle. GRILL To cook on an open grid over a heat source. MOIST-HEAT COOKING METHODS Methods in which heat is conducted to foods by water or other liquid (except fat) or by steam. PAN-BROIL To cook uncovered in a skillet or saute pan without fat. PAN-FRY To cook in a moderate amount of fat in an uncovered pan. (EN) PAPILLOTE Wrapped in paper (or sometimes foil) for cooking so the enclosed food is steamed in its own moisture. PARBOIL To cook partially in a boiling or simmering liquid. PARCOOK To cook partially by any method. POACH To cook gently in water or other liquid that is hot but not actually bubbling, 160 degrees to 180 degrees F (71 degrees to 82 degrees C). REDUCE. To cook by simmering or boiling until the quantity of liquid is decreased, often to concentrate flavors. ROAST To cook foods by surrounding them with hot, dry air in an oven or on a spit in front of an open fire. SAUTE To cook quickly in a small amount of fat, usually while mixing or tossing the foods by occasionally flipping the pan. SEAR To brown the surface of a food quickly at a high temperature. SIMMER To cook in water or other liquid that is bubbling gently, 185 degrees to 205 degrees F (85 degrees to 96 degrees C). SMOKE-ROAST To cook with dry heat in the presence of smoke, as on a rack over wood chips in a covered pan. SOUS VIDE Vacuum-packed. Refers to techniques for cooking foods that are packaged under vacuum in plastic bags. STEAM To cook by direct contact with steam. STEW To simmer or braise a food or foods in a small amount of liquid, which is usually served with the food as a sauce. STIR-FRY To cook quickly in a small amount of fat by tossing cut-up foods in a wok or pan with spatulas or similar implements. Similar to saute, except the pan is stationary. SWEAT To cook slowly in fat without browning, sometimes under a cover. FIVE-SPICE CHICKEN WITH VEGETABLES Ingredients: †¢ 2 tbsp sesame oil †¢ 1 garlic clove, chopped. †¢ 3 spring onions, trimmed and sliced †¢ 1 tbsp corn flour †¢ 2 tbsp rice wine †¢ 4 skinless chicken breasts, cut into strips †¢ 1 tbsp Chinese five-spice powder †¢ 1 tbsp grated fresh ginger †¢ 125 ml/4 fl oz chicken stock †¢ 100 g/3 ? oz baby corn cobs, sliced †¢ 300 g/10 ? oz bean sprouts †¢ Finely chopped spring onions to garnish(optional) †¢ Freshly cooked jasmine rice, (to serve) Procedure 1. Heat the oil in a preheated wok or large frying pan. Add the garlic and spring onions and stir-fry over medium-high heat for 1 minute. 2. In a bowl, mix together the corn flour and rice wine, then add the mixture to the pan. Stir-fry for 1 minute, then add the chicken, five-spice powder, ginger and chicken stock and cook for another 4 minutes. Add the corn cobs and cook for 2 minutes, then add the bean sprouts and cook for another minute. 3. Remove from the heat, garnish with chopped spring onions, if using, and serve with freshly cooked jasmine rice. SHINJAGA Ingredients: †¢ 1 ? lb new potatoes †¢ 1 tbsp vegetable oil †¢ 4 tbsp Kikkoman †¢ 2 tbsp sugar †¢ 1 tbsp mirin Procedure: 1. Wash and scrub new potatoes 2. Put them in a deep pan and pour enough water to cover them. 3. Bring to a boil on high heat. 4. Turn down the heat to medium and cook about 10 minutes or until softened. 5. Drain potatoes in strainer. 6. Mix Kikkoman, mirin, and sugar in a small cup and set aside. 7. Heat oil in a large pan on medium heat and fry potatoes until lightly browned. 8. Pour the sauce mixture over the potatoes. 9. Shake the pan to let the sauce coat new potatoes over high heat. Stop the heat. CORDON BLEU Ingredients: †¢ chicken breast fillet (marinated seasoned with pepper salt) †¢ bread crumbs †¢ egg †¢ oil †¢ toothpicks †¢ cheese †¢ ham Procedure: 1. Put the chicken fillet in a flat surface. Then add cheese and ham on top of the chicken fillet. Roll it and use the toothpicks to hold it. 2. Dip the rolled chicken fillet in the egg and roll it in the bread crumbs. 3. Deep-fry until golden brown. 4. Remove the toothpick when serving. FISH FILLET Ingredients: †¢ fish(Dory) †¢ calamansi †¢ seasoning †¢ egg bread crumbs †¢ mayonnaise Procedure: 1. Slice the fish. 2. Mix the calamansi and the egg with the fish. 3. Add a little bit seasoning on it. 4. Dip the fish on the bread crumbs. 5. Deep-fry it until it becomes golden brown. 6. After cooking, place the mayonnaise on a small bowl for you to dip your fish on it. SQUASH MIX Ingredients: †¢ oil †¢ egg †¢ squash (grated) †¢ cornstarch. Procedure: 1. Mix the grated squash and the egg. 2. Add cornstarch to the mixture. 3. Fry it. CRUNCHY CHICKEN FINGERS Ingredients: FOR CHICKEN FINGERS †¢ ? kilo chicken breast fillet, sliced into 1 inch thick strips †¢ 1 8g MAGGI MAGIC SARAP †¢ 1 cup all purpose flour †¢ 2 cups finely crushed NESTLE cornflakes †¢ 2 eggs, beaten †¢ Cooking oil for frying FOR TROPICAL CHILI SAUCE †¢ ? cup sweet-chili †¢ 1 tsp MAGGI MAGIC SARAP †¢ ? cup water †¢ Pineapple tidbits †¢ Salt to taste Procedure: 1. Rub MAGGI MAGIC SARAP on chicken strips and let it sit for at least 15 minutes. 2. Coat chicken strips in flour. Dip in egg then roll in crushed cornflakes. 3. Fry chicken strips until golden brown. Drain using paper towels to remove excess oil. Serve with Tropical Chili Sauce on the side. SWEET AND SOUR FISH Ingredients: †¢ 2-3 lbs red snapper, whole fish †¢ 4 tbsp vegetable oil †¢ 1 tbsp salt †¢ ? tsp ground pepper †¢ 2 tbsp soy sauce †¢ ? cup apple cider vinegar or white vinegar †¢ ? water †¢ ? cup brown sugar †¢ 1 large chopped onion †¢ 6 tbsp minced garlic †¢ ? cup ginger, julienned †¢ ? cup carrot, julienned †¢ ? cup red bell pepper †¢ ? cup scallion, julienned (spring onions) †¢ 1 tbsp sifted flour Procedure: 1. Clean the fish and slit it open. Let it stand for few minutes and drain well. 2. Sprinkle fish with 1 tbsp salt 3. In a medium skillet, heat the oil and fry the fish until brown. Remove the fish from the pan and set aside. 4. In the same skillet, saute the garlic until light brown, then saute onion. 5. Add salt and white pepper. Stir in ginger, scallions, carrot and red bell pepper. 6. Add soy sauce, vinegar, water and sugar. Salt and pepper to taste. 7. When the mixture boils, add the flour to thicken. Then, add the fish. 8. Cover the skillet and simmer for 5 minutes. PINAKBET Ingredients: †¢ okra †¢ eggplant †¢ squash †¢ MAGGI magic sarap †¢ Tomato †¢ Garlic †¢ Onion †¢ Salt †¢ Umami †¢ Oyster sauce. †¢ Cabbage Procedure: 1. Saute garlic and onion. 2. Add a little amount of water and put vegetables. 3. Add oyster sauce. 4. Season it with MAGGI magic sarap, salt umami. 5. Taste it and adjust flavors if needed. 6. Serve hot. RELLENONG TALONG Ingredients: †¢ egg †¢ eggplant †¢ ground pork †¢ garlic †¢ onion †¢ oil †¢ salt Procedure: 1. Fry the ground pork. 2. Slice the eggplant in the middle and get the inner part of the eggplant. 3. Mix the pork, garlic onion add salt to season it. 4. Then put the cooked pork in the middle of the sliced eggplant then, put the eggplant in the pan and put egg to close the eggplant.